Spiders are typically venomous not poisonous. The good news is for most part, most common spiders probably cannot hurt a cat, and while I can't really find an academically rigorous source, I can't find any stories of this being dangerous.
Its worth looking at a few things - whether there's generally dangerous spiders in your region. The spider bites wikipedia page and this site on cats, would suggest its mostly spiders that would be dangerous to people too. If you have, say wild tarantulas, or tunnel webs... well you'd want to be a little bit more careful.
From your description - we're talking some variety of daddy long legs - which contrary to popular belief are not venomous at all. I cannot find any references to jumping spiders hurting a cat.
Naturally, if you see swelling or your cat seems ill... well, go see a vet.