A cat is not a crate animal. (I also don't believe dogs are crate animals, but that's a different issue.) Yes, it's true cats sleep all the time, but they still have frequent periods of activity, especially at night. Cats are independent creatures and trying to contain them for long periods of time is going to make them upset.
Additionally, cats don't like to pee where they eat, and often are even picky to drink where they eat. (Instinct tells cats that food and water are in different places, so some will not drink from a water bowl near their food.) You need to give her space, things to climb on, activities to hold her interest. I agree with Kai's suggestion of keeping the cat in a safe room at night, like a bathroom, if absolutely necessary (though you can train her to stop the bad habits which make you crate her to begin with). Cats require elevation and multiple options of places to sleep, play, etc.
Many suggest she may have another UTI (do take her to the vet again, to be safe), no water, or no access to litter. I would suggest she is urinating because she is unhappy. It is common for a stressed and/or upset cat to urinate, and since your cat is in a crate, that is the only place she can do so to express her frustration. I've seen it before, and it can be a hard thing to destress a cat. It will take time and patience, but it can be done.
Your first step is to get rid of the crate. Crates are for taking a cat to the vet.
Make sure her litter, food, and water are separate and easily accessed. (Consider putting her litter where her crate was kept, since she is used to urinating right there.)
Give her plenty to climb on so she has options besides your counters (make sure they are higher than counters, like a 3-4 story cat tree).
Give her things to scratch (cardboard scratch boards are amazing!) and things to chew and play with, to train her to stop destroying cords. (A suggestion, because my cats used to do the same - don't yell or physically punish the cat, they don't understand that. Instead, if you catch her being naughty, give her a toy to draw her attention away. Wiggle a string toy, for instance. She will begin to understand that it is more fun than your headphones.)
When you own an animal, you are agreeing to invest your time to their happiness, livelihood, and habits. Picture this: you could survive in a box, if someone fed you and gave you water... but would you be happy? Take the time to provide the best living situation for you cat while keeping your living situation ideal, too, through training.