Bioload isn't one single thing to measure. It'sIt actually seems to be more of an overall conceptaquarist term than scientific. I just did a quick search and found a small number of research papers that dealsuse it, generally in the sense of microbial colonization or parasitic infection. (I was wondering if there was a standard unit to quantify it, but that doesn't seem to be the case.) So be aware that it can be used in different contexts with different meanings. I've heard it used to refer to the animals in a system, to the nitrogen waste they produce, to any waste product they produce (even shed hair/feathers/scales), and so on. I think it's useful as a high-level way to think about a tank's ecosystem, but you'll want to be more specific when thinking about the actual pieces of it.
As an overall concept, it lets us think about all the basic components of life needed by the organisms within your tanka system, all the byproducts they create, and the natural cycles of consumption and creation they form. Bioload is basically, in a sense, a way of thinking about how open (or unbalanced) these cycles are within the tank: the heavier a bioload, the more a cyclepressure it places on these cycles. If you've overstocked your system, the bioload is forced open by something being consumed or created fasterdemanding more resources and creating more waste products than you or the system can respondhandle.
We take for granted that some of them, like the food/nutrient cycle,these cycles are completely open and need constant intervention. For example, the bioload of your system has a certain caloric requirement that it can't produce itself to any real degree, so you fill in that gap by feeding the fish.
Often people say 'bioload' as a shorthand for nitrogen wastes: ammonia (NH3), nitritesnitrite (NO2), and nitritesnitrite (NO3). You should be testing those weekly with a reliable test kit (I like API's), or more often if your system shows signs of beinghaving an unstable biofilter. Ammonia and nitritesnitrite are toxic to fish in any measurable amount; some nitratesnitrate can be tolerated but they should be kept under say 20ppm or so.
In this sense, a bioload is too highlarge when those ammonia and nitritesnitrite are being produced faster than the biofilter can reduce them to nitratesnitrate. It's hard to say "if you have x fish you need y biological filtration" because each species of fish and each model filter is different. But generally it's hard to provide too much biological filtration, so get the largestbiggest filter you can. Plants and water changes will help keep nitratesnitrate levels down, and these are really the only way to 'close' this cycle.